ATTO488-ProTx-I

Product Name:ATTO488-ProTx-I

Purity:95%

Molar Mass:3987.5

Chemical Formula:C171H245N53O47S6

Storage:Store at -20 degrees Celsius

Sequence:Glu-Cys2-Arg-Tyr-Trp-Leu-Gly-Gly-Cys9-Ser-Ala-Gly-Gln-Thr-Cys15-Cys16-Lys-His-Leu-Val-Cys21-Ser-Arg-Arg-His-Gly-Trp-Cys28-Val-Trp-Asp-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ser-OH

Application:

ATTO488-ProTx-I is a fluorescently labeled variant of the ProTx-I peptide toxin, isolated from the venom of the tarantula Thrixopelma pruriens. ProTx-I inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels (such as Nav1.2 and Nav1.5) and voltage-gated calcium channels by shifting their voltage dependence and preventing ion flow, thus inhibiting action potentials. The attachment of ATTO488, a bright and stable fluorescent dye, enhances the ability to visualize and study the interactions of ProTx-I with these ion channels in live cells and tissues using fluorescence-based imaging techniques. ATTO488-ProTx-I is especially valuable in electrophysiological research, where it helps in exploring ion channel function and aiding in drug discovery, particularly for neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Its high sensitivity makes it ideal for real-time cellular assays and imaging studies.

Current Research:

ATTO488-ProTx-I is a fluorescently labeled derivative of ProTx-I, a peptide toxin isolated from the venom of the Peruvian green velvet tarantula (Thrixopelma pruriens). ProTx-I is known for its potent inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, particularly the Naᵥ1.8 subtype, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 27 nM. It also affects Naᵥ1.2, Naᵥ1.5, and Naᵥ1.7 channels, with IC₅₀ values ranging between 50 and 100 nM.

Structural and Functional Characteristics

ProTx-I is a 35-amino-acid peptide featuring three disulfide bridges, which contribute to its stability and high affinity for sodium channels. The conjugation of the ATTO488 fluorophore to ProTx-I enables real-time visualization and tracking of the peptide's interaction with sodium channels in various biological systems. ATTO488 is a fluorescent label with excellent water solubility, strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield, and high photostability, making it suitable for single-molecule detection applications and high-resolution microscopy.

Applications in Research

The fluorescent properties of ATTO488-ProTx-I enhance its utility in several research applications:

Visualization of Channel Distribution: ATTO488-ProTx-I facilitates the mapping of Naᵥ1.8 channel distribution in tissues and cells, enhancing the understanding of channel localization and density.

Live-Cell Imaging: The ATTO488 label allows for real-time observation of toxin-channel interactions in living cells, providing insights into the dynamics of channel function and regulation.

Drug Development: ATTO488-ProTx-I serves as a probe in high-throughput screening assays aimed at identifying novel modulators of Naᵥ1.8 channels, which are potential therapeutic targets for pain management.

Handling and Storage

ATTO488-ProTx-I is typically supplied as a lyophilized powder. For optimal stability, it should be stored at -20°C, protected from light and moisture. Upon reconstitution, aliquots should be prepared to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can degrade the peptide.

Conclusion

ATTO488-ProTx-I combines the potent inhibitory properties of ProTx-I with the fluorescent capabilities of the ATTO488 dye, offering researchers a powerful tool to study Naᵥ1.8 sodium channels. Its application enhances the visualization and understanding of sodium channel physiology, contributing to advancements in neurobiology and the development of pain therapeutics.