Neuropeptides in Cellular Communication: Signaling Networks, Physiological Regulation, and Research Directions

August 26, 2026

Introduction: Neuropeptides as Biological Signaling Molecules Neuropeptides are a diverse class of endogenous signaling molecules that contribute to communication within the nervous system and between neural and peripheral tissues. Rather than functioning exclusively as conventional neurotransmitters, neuropeptides can act as neuromodulators, local signaling molecules, and neuroendocrine messengers. More than 100 neuropeptides have been identified in […]

Neuropeptides in Health and Disease: From Cellular Signaling to Therapeutic Targets

August 12, 2026

Introduction: Neuropeptides Are More Than Neurotransmitters Communication within the nervous system is far more complex than the transmission of electrical impulses between neurons. Alongside classical neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, and monoamines, neurons produce a diverse group of signaling molecules known as neuropeptides. Neuropeptides can regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, metabolism, pain, appetite, sleep, […]

Left vs. Right Brain: How Neuropeptides Shape Asymmetric Neural Circuits

August 5, 2026

Left vs. Right Brain: How Neuropeptides Shape Asymmetric Neural Circuits For decades, neuroscientists have recognized that the left and right hemispheres of the brain perform specialized functions. Language is generally associated with the left hemisphere, while emotional processing and spatial awareness often rely more heavily on the right. However, one fundamental question has remained unanswered: […]

Therapeutic Peptide Delivery Systems: Formulation Strategies, Administration Routes, and Future Technologies

July 29, 2026

Abstract Therapeutic peptides have emerged as one of the fastest-growing classes of modern pharmaceuticals, bridging the gap between traditional small-molecule drugs and large biologics. Their exceptional target specificity, potent biological activity, and generally favorable safety profiles have led to increasing applications in metabolic diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, and neurological illnesses. However, […]

Peptide–Drug Conjugates for Hematological Malignancies: Design, Applications, and Future Directions

July 22, 2026

Abstract Peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs) are emerging as a flexible platform for targeted drug delivery in hematological malignancies. A typical PDC combines a targeting or cell-penetrating peptide with a linker and a pharmacologically active payload. This modular architecture allows researchers to optimize target recognition, intracellular transport, circulatory stability, and payload release independently. PDCs may offer advantages […]

Peptide-Drug Conjugates with Different Linkers for Cancer Therapy

July 15, 2026

Abstract Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are an emerging class of targeted therapeutic systems designed to improve the delivery of cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells while reducing off-target toxicity. A PDC typically consists of three core components: a tumor-targeting peptide, a cytotoxic payload, and a chemical linker that connects them. Among these components, the linker plays a […]

Peptide Linkers in Protein Engineering: Controlling Functional Dynamics in Multidomain Proteins

July 8, 2026

Abstract Peptide linkers are essential structural elements that connect protein domains and regulate their movement, orientation, spacing, and functional cooperation. In multidomain proteins, linkers can behave as flexible hinges that permit large conformational rearrangements, or as rigid molecular rulers that maintain defined distances between functional modules. The review by Wriggers, Chakravarty, and Jennings highlights how […]

Amino Acid Metabolism: Central Bioenergetic and Signaling Hubs for Modern Biomedical Research

July 3, 2026

Amino acids are no longer viewed solely as protein building blocks; they are now recognized as central regulators of cellular metabolism, energy production, epigenetic control, and signaling networks. This article reviews amino acid metabolism with emphasis on biosynthesis, degradation, and functional integration with the TCA cycle, urea cycle, and neurotransmitter pathways. Based on recent advances […]

Overcoming the Delivery Barriers of Peptide Therapeutics: Challenges and Emerging Formulation Strategies

July 3, 2026

Abstract Peptide therapeutics have become one of the most important and rapidly expanding classes of modern biopharmaceuticals. Their high target specificity, strong biological activity, and relatively low toxicity make them attractive candidates for treating metabolic, oncologic, infectious, and cardiovascular diseases. However, their clinical success is fundamentally constrained by significant pharmacokinetic limitations, including enzymatic instability, rapid […]

Therapeutic Peptides: Science, Progress, and the Future of Precision Medicine

June 26, 2026

Therapeutic peptides have emerged as one of the most dynamic and rapidly expanding classes of modern medicines. Positioned at the intersection of small-molecule drugs and large biologics, peptides offer a unique combination of high target specificity, strong biological activity, and improved safety profiles. Over the past several decades, their development has accelerated dramatically, moving from […]