ACTH (12-39), rat

Product Name:ACTH (12-39), rat

Form:TFA salt

Purity:95%

Storage:2-8 degree Celsius

Molar Mass:1652.1

Chemical Formula:C77H134N24O16

Sequence:Pro-Val-Gly-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-Asn-Val-Ala-Glu-Asn-Glu-Ser-Ala-Glu-Ala-Phe-Pro-Leu-Glu-Phe

Application:

ACTH (12-39), rat is a C-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) that lacks the N-terminal domain required for adrenal steroidogenesis but retains regions involved in peptide-receptor interactions and immune modulation. This peptide fragment is used in neuroscience, endocrinology, and immunology research, particularly for its potential neuromodulatory, cognitive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies suggest ACTH (12-39) may interact with melanocortin receptors, influencing neurotransmitter systems, immune cell regulation, and neuroprotection. Due to its structural significance, this peptide is valuable in studies on peptide metabolism, neuroimmune interactions, and receptor-selective effects, particularly in stress-related and neurodegenerative disease models in rats.

Current Research:

Introduction
ACTH (12-39) is a C-terminal ACTH fragment that retains regions involved in neuromodulation and immune regulation but lacks the N-terminal activation site required for adrenal glucocorticoid stimulation. This peptide is studied primarily in rat models to explore its neuroendocrine effects, neuroprotective properties, and potential immune-modulating roles. Unlike full-length ACTH (1-39), which stimulates the adrenal cortex via melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) activation, ACTH (12-39) is thought to exert effects on other melanocortin receptors (MC4R, MC5R) and contribute to neuroimmune signaling.

Neurobiological and Cognitive Research
ACTH (12-39) has been investigated for its effects on cognitive function and neurotransmitter regulation. Research suggests:

Possible enhancement of learning and memory, particularly in cognitive impairment models.
Potential interactions with dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic pathways, affecting mood, cognition, and synaptic plasticity.
Neuroprotective effects, particularly in models of neurodegeneration and oxidative stress.
Given its potential influence on memory and learning, ACTH (12-39) is studied in aging and Alzheimer’s disease models, where cognitive decline and neuroinflammation are key factors.

Stress Regulation and Neuropsychiatric Research
Although ACTH (12-39) does not activate adrenal steroidogenesis, it has been explored for its potential role in stress adaptation. Studies indicate:

Modulation of the HPA axis, influencing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion and feedback regulation.
Possible anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects, particularly in stress-related and PTSD models.
Regulation of neuropeptide signaling, contributing to emotional and behavioral resilience.
These findings suggest ACTH (12-39) may play a role in stress-related psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety.

Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
ACTH-derived peptides are known to modulate immune function, and ACTH (12-39) has been explored for its potential anti-inflammatory effects. Research suggests:

Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, particularly TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
Regulation of immune cell activity, influencing T-cell and macrophage function.
Potential applications in autoimmune disease models, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
These properties suggest ACTH (12-39) could contribute to immune modulation therapies in conditions involving chronic inflammation and neuroimmune dysregulation.

Peptide Stability and Metabolism Studies
Since C-terminal ACTH fragments influence peptide degradation and receptor interactions, ACTH (12-39) is used in:

Studies on ACTH metabolism and enzymatic breakdown in rat models.
Investigations into peptide-receptor selectivity, particularly for melanocortin receptor interactions.
Comparative research on ACTH derivatives, aiding in the development of more stable and selective peptide-based therapies.
Potential Therapeutic and Research Applications
Due to its neuromodulatory, immune-regulating, and receptor-interacting properties, ACTH (12-39) is being explored for:

Cognitive enhancement studies, particularly in age-related memory decline.
Neuroimmune and anti-inflammatory research, targeting neurodegenerative diseases.
Melanocortin-based peptide drug development, focusing on enhancing receptor selectivity and bioavailability.
Conclusion
ACTH (12-39), rat, is a C-terminal ACTH fragment with applications in neuroscience, immunology, and peptide metabolism research. While it does not stimulate adrenal corticosteroid release, its potential neuromodulatory, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties make it a valuable research tool in cognition, stress response, and immune system regulation. Ongoing studies continue to explore its biological significance and possible therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and immune dysregulation.