Defensin (human) HNP-2

Product Name:Defensin (human) HNP-2

Purity:95%

Storage:2-8 degree Celsius

Cas No:99287-07-7

Molar Mass:3371

Chemical Formula:C147H217N43O37S6

IUPAC Name:(1R,4S,7S,13S,16S,19R,22S,25S,31S,34S,37S,40S,46S,49R,52S,55S,58S,64S,67S,70S,73S,76S,79R,82R,87R,90S)-87-amino-58-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-76-benzyl-7,22,52-tris[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4,34,37,64-tetrakis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-31-(2-carboxyethyl)-46-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-40,55,90-tris[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-70-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-16,25,73-trimethyl-67-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,56,59,62,65,68,71,74,77,80,88,91-octacosaoxo-84,85,94,95,98,99-hexathia-3,6,9,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,89,92-octacosazatetracyclo[47.43.4.419,79.09,13]hectane-82-carboxylic acid

SMILES:CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N3)CC5=CC=C(C=C5)O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)[C@@H](C)CC)CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)CCC(=O)N)CCCNC(=N)N)CC(C)C)CC7=CNC8=CC=CC=C87)C)CC9=CC=CC=C9)C(=O)N1)C)[C@@H](C)CC)CCCNC(=N)N)[C@@H](C)O)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)CCCNC(=N)N)CCCNC(=N)N)CCC(=O)O)C

InChIKey:GRZXCHIIZXMEPJ-HTLKCAKFSA-N

InChI:InChI=1S/C147H217N43O37S6/c1-13-73(6)114-139(222)168-76(9)118(201)163-63-110(196)170-96(48-50-113(199)200)127(210)172-92(31-22-52-159-145(152)153)125(208)171-93(32-23-53-160-146(154)155)126(209)178-98(58-81-35-41-85(192)42-36-81)123(206)165-65-112(198)186-117(79(12)191)141(224)184-106-70-232-229-67-103-134(217)173-94(33-24-54-161-147(156)157)128(211)189-116(75(8)15-3)142(225)190-55-25-34-108(190)138(221)167-78(11)120(203)181-105(136(219)187-114)69-231-230-68-104(135(218)185-107(143(226)227)71-233-228-66-89(148)121(204)176-100(133(216)182-103)59-82-37-43-86(193)44-38-82)183-132(215)99(57-80-26-17-16-18-27-80)175-119(202)77(10)166-129(212)102(61-84-62-162-90-29-20-19-28-88(84)90)179-130(213)97(56-72(4)5)177-124(207)91(30-21-51-158-144(150)151)169-111(197)64-164-122(205)95(47-49-109(149)195)174-131(214)101(60-83-39-45-87(194)46-40-83)180-140(223)115(74(7)14-2)188-137(106)220/h16-20,26-29,35-46,62,72-79,89,91-108,114-117,162,191-194H,13-15,21-25,30-34,47-61,63-71,148H2,1-12H3,(H2,149,195)(H,163,201)(H,164,205)(H,165,206)(H,166,212)(H,167,221)(H,168,222)(H,169,197)(H,170,196)(H,171,208)(H,172,210)(H,173,217)(H,174,214)(H,175,202)(H,176,204)(H,177,207)(H,178,209)(H,179,213)(H,180,223)(H,181,203)(H,182,216)(H,183,215)(H,184,224)(H,185,218)(H,186,198)(H,187,219)(H,188,220)(H,189,211)(H,199,200)(H,226,227)(H4,150,151,158)(H4,152,153,159)(H4,154,155,160)(H4,156,157,161)/t73-,74-,75-,76-,77-,78-,79+,89-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,114-,115-,116-,117-/m0/s1

Sequence:Cys-Tyr-Cys-Arg-Ile-Pro-Ala-Cys-Ile-Ala-Gly-Glu-Arg-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Thr-Cys-Ile-Tyr-Gln-Gly-Arg-Leu-Trp-Ala-Phe-Cys-Cys(Cys1&Cys6,Cys2&Cys4,Cys3&Cys5)

Application:

Defensin (Human) HNP-2 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) belonging to the human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) family, which plays a crucial role in innate immunity. Found predominantly in neutrophils, HNP-2 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses by disrupting microbial membranes. Additionally, it has immunomodulatory properties, influencing inflammation, chemotaxis, and wound healing. HNP-2 is widely studied in infection control, immune response, and therapeutic applications, including its potential in antibiotic-resistant infections, cancer immunotherapy, and inflammatory disease research. This peptide is a key target for novel antimicrobial drug development and host-defense mechanism studies.

Current Research:

Defensin HNP-2 is an α-defensin, part of a family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that serve as first-line defense molecules in the human immune system. It is primarily stored in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and released in response to infection and inflammation. HNP-2 has attracted significant research interest due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and potential therapeutic properties.

1. Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action
   HNP-2 exerts direct antimicrobial effects against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses through:

Membrane disruption, forming pores and increasing permeability, leading to microbial cell death.
Intracellular target interactions, affecting DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in pathogens.
Synergy with host immune factors, enhancing overall antimicrobial efficacy.
Studies have highlighted its effectiveness against drug-resistant pathogens, making it a promising candidate for antibiotic-alternative therapies.

2. Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Functions
   Beyond its antimicrobial role, HNP-2 regulates host immune responses by:

Attracting immune cells such as macrophages and T cells via chemotaxis.
Modulating cytokine production, including TNF-α and IL-8, influencing inflammation.
Enhancing adaptive immunity, bridging innate and adaptive immune responses.
HNP-2 has been studied for its dual role in inflammation, with both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the context, making it relevant for autoimmune and inflammatory disease research.

3. Role in Cancer and Wound Healing
   Recent studies indicate that HNP-2 may have anticancer properties, with effects including:

Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, particularly in lung and colon cancers.
Regulation of tumor microenvironments, influencing immune cell infiltration.
Potential as an immunotherapeutic agent, enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
Additionally, HNP-2 has shown wound healing properties, promoting cell migration and tissue regeneration in chronic wounds and injury recovery models.

4. Therapeutic Applications and Drug Development
   HNP-2 is currently under investigation for various clinical and therapeutic applications, including:

Antibiotic-resistant infection treatments, targeting multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Cancer immunotherapy, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.
Peptide-based drug design, optimizing its stability and bioavailability for clinical use.
Conclusion
Defensin (Human) HNP-2 is a multifunctional peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and therapeutic potential. Its role in infection control, inflammation regulation, and cancer research makes it a valuable target for next-generation antimicrobial therapies and immune-based treatments. Ongoing research continues to explore its applications in host defense, wound healing, and drug-resistant pathogen management.