Gastrin-1, rat

Product Name: Gastrin-1, rat

Sequence One Letter Code: Pyr-RPPMEEEEEAYGWMDF-NH2

Sequence Three Letter Code: Pyr-Arg-Pro-Pro-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2

Cas No: 81123-06-0

Chemical Formula:C94H128N22O31S2

Molecular Weight: 2126.4

Purity: 95%

Form: Lyophilized

Storage Conditions: - 20 °C

Research Area: Endocrinology Disease Research

SMILES: C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@@H]5CCCN5C(=O)[C@@H]6CCCN6C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H]7CCC(=O)N7

IUPAC: (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

INCHIKEY: FUTWNIPXZKAJHO-FKZYTOAASA-N

INCHI:

InChI=1S/C94H128N22O31S2/c1-48(79(133)113-65(43-50-19-21-52(117)22-20-50)80(134)100-47-71(119)103-66(44-51-46-99-54-15-8-7-14-53(51)54)89(143)109-61(35-40-148-2)88(142)114-67(45-77(130)131)90(144)112-64(78(95)132)42-49-12-5-4-6-13-49)101-81(135)56(24-30-72(120)121)104-83(137)57(25-31-73(122)123)105-84(138)58(26-32-74(124)125)106-85(139)59(27-33-75(126)127)107-86(140)60(28-34-76(128)129)108-87(141)62(36-41-149-3)110-91(145)68-17-10-38-115(68)93(147)69-18-11-39-116(69)92(146)63(16-9-37-98-94(96)97)111-82(136)55-23-29-70(118)102-55/h4-8,12-15,19-22,46,48,55-69,99,117H,9-11,16-18,23-45,47H2,1-3H3,(H2,95,132)(H,100,134)(H,101,135)(H,102,118)(H,103,119)(H,104,137)(H,105,138)(H,106,139)(H,107,140)(H,108,141)(H,109,143)(H,110,145)(H,111,136)(H,112,144)(H,113,133)(H,114,142)(H,120,121)(H,122,123)(H,124,125)(H,126,127)(H,128,129)(H,130,131)(H4,96,97,98)/t48-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-/m0/s1

Source / Species: rat

Conjugation: Unconjugated

Code Nacres: NA.26

Application: Gastrin-1 (Gastrin-17), rat is a C-terminally amidated 17–amino acid peptide hormone produced by gastric G cells in response to nutrient stimulation. The rat sequence differs from the human form at three C-terminal residues, making it specifically suited for rodent physiological studies. Gastrin-17 activates the CCK2/gastrin receptor, stimulating gastric acid secretion and promoting histamine release from enterochromaffin-like cells. It also influences mucosal growth and digestive enzyme regulation. This peptide is widely used in gastrointestinal and endocrine research to investigate receptor-mediated signaling, acid secretion dynamics, and gastric physiology in rodent models.

Current Research: Gastrin-1 (Gastrin-17), Rat Gastrin-1 (Gastrin-17), rat is a C-terminally amidated 17–amino acid peptide hormone secreted by gastric G cells in response to nutrient ingestion, particularly peptides and amino acids. As one of the principal circulating gastrin forms in rodents, it plays a central role in regulating gastric acid secretion, mucosal growth, and digestive enzyme output. The rat sequence differs from the human peptide at three C-terminal residues, making it specifically optimized for receptor engagement and physiological relevance in rodent experimental systems. Sequence Specificity and Receptor Interaction Gastrin-17 exerts its biological effects through activation of the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCK2 receptor), also known as the gastrin receptor. This G protein–coupled receptor is expressed primarily on gastric parietal cells and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. The C-terminal amide structure is essential for high-affinity receptor binding and biological activity. Species-specific differences in the C-terminal region can influence receptor affinity and downstream signaling potency. The rat form of Gastrin-17 ensures accurate pharmacodynamic responses in rodent tissues, particularly in in vivo and ex vivo models evaluating gastric function and hormone regulation. Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion Following food intake, Gastrin-17 is released into circulation and stimulates gastric acid secretion through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Binding to CCK2 receptors on ECL cells promotes histamine release, which then activates H₂ receptors on parietal cells, amplifying acid production. Gastrin can also directly stimulate parietal cells via intracellular calcium mobilization and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways. This coordinated mechanism ensures efficient digestion and protein breakdown. Because acid secretion is modulated by multiple hormonal and neural inputs—including acetylcholine and somatostatin—Gastrin-17 is frequently used in experimental systems to isolate gastrin-specific signaling contributions. Intracellular Signaling Pathways Activation of the CCK2 receptor primarily engages G_q/11 proteins, leading to phospholipase C activation, inositol trisphosphate (IP₃) production, and elevation of intracellular calcium. Downstream pathways involve PKC activation, RhoA signaling, and MAP kinase cascades that regulate gene expression and cellular proliferation. These signaling pathways contribute not only to acid secretion but also to trophic effects on gastric mucosa. Mucosal Growth and Digestive Regulation Gastrin-17 promotes proliferation of gastric epithelial cells and ECL cells, supporting mucosal maintenance and adaptive growth. Chronic elevations in gastrin levels, such as those observed in hypergastrinemia, can lead to mucosal hypertrophy and ECL cell hyperplasia in rodent models. In addition, gastrin influences secretion of digestive enzymes such as pepsinogen and interacts with other gastrointestinal hormones to coordinate digestive responses. Applications in Rodent Research Gastrin-1 (Gastrin-17), rat is widely used in: Gastric acid secretion assays in rodent models CCK2 receptor activation studies Intracellular calcium and PKC signaling analyses Histamine release experiments Studies of gastric mucosal proliferation Hypergastrinemia and gastric pathology models Because receptor–ligand interactions can vary across species, use of the rat-specific sequence ensures accurate modeling of physiological responses in rodent tissues and cell lines. Experimental Advantages Native rat sequence optimized for rodent receptor binding C-terminal amidation essential for biological activity Reproducible stimulation of acid secretion pathways Suitable for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo rodent systems Supports mechanistic dissection of gastrin-dependent signaling Research Significance Gastrin-1 (Gastrin-17), rat is a foundational tool for studying gastric physiology and endocrine regulation in rodent models. By enabling selective activation of the CCK2 receptor and downstream signaling pathways, it supports detailed investigation of acid secretion dynamics, mucosal growth regulation, and hormone-mediated gene expression. Its species-specific design ensures translational accuracy in experimental models of gastric function and gastrointestinal disease.