Gastrin Releasing Peptide, human

Product Name: Gastrin Releasing Peptide, human

Sequence One Letter Code: VPLPAGGGTVLTKMYPRGNHWAVGHLM-NH2

Sequence Three Letter Code: H-Val-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ala-Gly-Gly-Gly-Thr-Val-Leu-Thr-Lys-Met-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Gly-Asn-His-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2

Cas No: 93755-85-2

Chemical Formula:C130H204N38O31S2

Molecular Weight: 2859.6

Purity: 95%

Form: Lyophilized

Storage Conditions: - 20 °C

Research Area: Cancer Disease Research

SMILES: CC(C)CC(C(=O)NC(CCSC)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC1=CNC=N1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)NC(=O)C(CC4=CNC=N4)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C5CCCN5C(=O)C(CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)NC(=O)C(CCSC)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C7CCCN7C(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C8CCCN8C(=O)C(C(C)C)N

IUPAC: 2-[[2-[[2-[[1-[2-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[1-[2-[[1-(2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propanoylamino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-N-[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[2-[[1-[[1-[(1-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]butanediamide

INCHIKEY: PUBCCFNQJQKCNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C130H204N38O31S2/c1-65(2)47-86(115(185)152-82(108(134)178)38-45-200-17)156-116(186)89(52-77-56-137-63-146-77)150-101(176)62-145-123(193)104(69(9)10)163-110(180)72(14)148-114(184)88(51-76-55-140-81-28-20-19-27-80(76)81)157-117(187)90(53-78-57-138-64-147-78)158-118(188)91(54-97(132)172)151-100(175)61-144-111(181)83(30-23-41-139-130(135)136)154-121(191)95-32-25-43-167(95)128(198)93(50-75-34-36-79(171)37-35-75)160-113(183)85(39-46-201-18)153-112(182)84(29-21-22-40-131)155-125(195)107(74(16)170)165-119(189)87(48-66(3)4)159-124(194)105(70(11)12)164-126(196)106(73(15)169)162-102(177)60-142-98(173)58-141-99(174)59-143-109(179)71(13)149-120(190)94-31-24-42-166(94)127(197)92(49-67(5)6)161-122(192)96-33-26-44-168(96)129(199)103(133)68(7)8/h19-20,27-28,34-37,55-57,63-74,82-96,103-107,140,169-171H,21-26,29-33,38-54,58-62,131,133H2,1-18H3,(H2,132,172)(H2,134,178)(H,137,146)(H,138,147)(H,141,174)(H,142,173)(H,143,179)(H,144,181)(H,145,193)(H,148,184)(H,149,190)(H,150,176)(H,151,175)(H,152,185)(H,153,182)(H,154,191)(H,155,195)(H,156,186)(H,157,187)(H,158,188)(H,159,194)(H,160,183)(H,161,192)(H,162,177)(H,163,180)(H,164,196)(H,165,189)(H4,135,136,139)

Source / Species: human

Conjugation: Unconjugated

Code Nacres: NA.26

Application: Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) is a 27-amino-acid neuropeptide involved in gastrointestinal and neuroendocrine regulation. It stimulates gastrin secretion and shares a conserved C-terminal sequence with bombesin, which is critical for receptor binding and biological activity. GRP plays a role in epithelial cell proliferation and acts as a growth factor during lung development. Aberrant expression of GRP has been linked to tumor progression, particularly in small-cell lung carcinoma, where it serves as a diagnostic and research marker. This peptide is widely used in studies of hormone secretion, receptor signaling, and cancer biology, especially in investigations of growth regulation and tumor-associated pathways.

Current Research: Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) is a 27-amino-acid neuropeptide that plays an important role in gastrointestinal physiology, neuroendocrine signaling, and cellular growth regulation. It belongs to the bombesin-like peptide family and shares a highly conserved C-terminal sequence essential for receptor binding and biological activity. GRP is widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and peripheral tissues, where it functions as both a neurotransmitter and hormone. Structural Features and Receptor Interaction GRP’s biological activity is primarily mediated by its C-terminal region, which is structurally conserved with bombesin peptides. This region enables high-affinity binding to the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), a G protein–coupled receptor. Key features include: Conserved C-terminal motif critical for receptor activation High specificity for GRPR, driving downstream signaling Functional similarity to bombesin, often used interchangeably in research contexts Activation of GRPR triggers intracellular signaling pathways involving: Phospholipase C (PLC) activation Calcium mobilization Protein kinase signaling cascades These pathways regulate secretion, proliferation, and gene expression. Role in Gastrointestinal Physiology GRP is best known for its role in regulating digestive processes, particularly through stimulation of gastrin release. Its primary gastrointestinal functions include: Induction of gastrin secretion from G cells in the stomach Stimulation of gastric acid production (indirectly via gastrin) Regulation of gastrointestinal motility Modulation of pancreatic and intestinal secretions These actions contribute to the coordinated control of digestion and nutrient processing. Neuroendocrine and Developmental Functions Beyond the GI tract, GRP acts as a neuropeptide involved in neuroendocrine communication. It is expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, where it participates in: Neurotransmission and neuromodulation Regulation of hormone secretion Integration of neural and endocrine signals GRP also plays a role in developmental biology, particularly in the lung, where it functions as a growth factor: Promotes epithelial cell proliferation Supports lung maturation and differentiation Regulates developmental signaling pathways Role in Cell Proliferation and Cancer Biology One of the most significant research areas involving GRP is its role in cell growth and tumor progression. GRP signaling can promote: Cell proliferation and survival Activation of mitogenic signaling pathways Autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation Aberrant expression of GRP and GRPR has been strongly associated with cancer development, particularly: Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) Other neuroendocrine tumors In these contexts, GRP can function as an autocrine growth factor, driving tumor progression and making it a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target. Applications in Research GRP is widely used in experimental systems to study hormone secretion, receptor signaling, and cancer-related pathways. Common applications include: Studies of gastrin release and gastric physiology GRPR signaling and downstream pathway analysis Investigation of epithelial cell growth and differentiation Cancer research, particularly in neuroendocrine tumors Drug discovery targeting GRP/GRPR signaling axes Its well-defined receptor interactions and biological effects make it a powerful tool for dissecting growth and signaling mechanisms. Relevance to Tumor Diagnostics and Therapeutics Because GRP and its receptor are overexpressed in certain cancers, they are used in: Diagnostic imaging and biomarker studies Targeted therapeutic strategies (e.g., GRPR antagonists or ligands) Evaluation of tumor growth mechanisms This has positioned GRP as an important molecule in translational cancer research. A Versatile Peptide in Physiology and Disease Research Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) serves as a multifunctional regulator of gastrointestinal activity, neuroendocrine signaling, and cellular proliferation. Its dual role in normal physiology and disease, particularly cancer, makes it a valuable tool for studying hormone regulation, receptor-mediated signaling, and tumor biology. Through its broad range of applications, GRP continues to support advances in understanding digestive physiology, developmental biology, and mechanisms of tumor progression.