[Leu31, Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y, human, rat

Product Name: [Leu31, Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y, human, rat

Sequence One Letter Code: YPSKPDNPGEDAPAEDMARYYSALRHYINLLTRPRY-NH2

Sequence Three Letter Code: H-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Lys-Pro-Asp-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ala-Glu-Asp-Met-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Leu-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Tyr-NH2

Cas No: 132699-73-1

Chemical Formula:C189H284N54O56S

Molecular Weight: 4240.9

Purity: 95%

Form: Lyophilized

Storage Conditions: - 20 °C

Research Area: Neurological Disease Research

Source / Species: Human, rat

Conjugation: Unconjugated

Code Nacres: NA.26

Application: [Leu31, Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y is a synthetic analog of neuropeptide Y engineered to confer selective receptor activity. Maintaining the characteristic hairpin conformation required for receptor engagement, the Leu31 and Pro34 substitutions render the peptide a non-Y2 receptor agonist. It is widely used to dissect NPY receptor subtype signaling and has been applied in studies of cerebrovascular injury, nitric oxide regulation, and neuropeptide-mediated modulation of ischemic brain damage.

Current Research: [Leu³¹, Pro³⁴]-Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a synthetic analog of the 36–amino acid neuropeptide Y engineered to alter receptor subtype selectivity while preserving the structural integrity required for receptor engagement. Native NPY adopts a characteristic PP-fold hairpin conformation, which is critical for high-affinity binding to Y-family G protein–coupled receptors (Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and others). Substitution of Leu at position 31 and Pro at position 34 modifies receptor interaction profiles, rendering this analog a non-Y2 receptor agonist while maintaining activity at other NPY receptor subtypes, particularly Y1. This receptor selectivity makes [Leu³¹, Pro³⁴]-NPY a valuable pharmacological tool for dissecting NPY receptor subtype–specific signaling pathways. Structural and Pharmacological Rationale The C-terminal region of NPY plays a key role in receptor recognition and subtype discrimination. The Leu31 and Pro34 substitutions: Preserve the overall PP-fold conformation Reduce affinity for the Y2 receptor Retain agonist activity at Y1 and other non-Y2 receptors Because Y2 receptors often function as presynaptic autoreceptors regulating neurotransmitter release, selective modulation allows investigators to distinguish presynaptic versus postsynaptic signaling contributions. Biological Context Neuropeptide Y is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and is implicated in: Regulation of appetite and energy balance Cardiovascular control Stress adaptation Neuroprotection Modulation of cerebral blood flow NPY receptors couple primarily to Gi/o proteins, leading to: Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase Reduced cAMP production Modulation of calcium and potassium channels Activation of MAPK signaling pathways Receptor subtype–specific effects influence distinct physiological outcomes. Research Applications 1. Receptor Subtype Signaling Studies [Leu³¹, Pro³⁴]-NPY is widely used to differentiate Y1-mediated responses from Y2-mediated effects in recombinant systems or primary cell models. It supports investigation of receptor coupling efficiency, second messenger signaling, and ligand bias. 2. Cerebrovascular and Ischemia Research NPY plays a role in cerebral vasoconstriction and neurovascular regulation. This analog has been applied in studies examining: Cerebrovascular injury mechanisms Nitric oxide signaling modulation Neuropeptide-mediated protection or exacerbation of ischemic brain damage 3. Nitric Oxide and Vascular Signaling Selective receptor activation allows analysis of how NPY receptor subtypes influence endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and vascular tone. 4. Neuroprotective and Stress-Related Pathways By isolating non-Y2 receptor signaling, researchers can better define contributions of specific NPY pathways to stress resilience and neuronal survival. Experimental Considerations Receptor expression profiles in experimental systems should be confirmed to ensure accurate interpretation of subtype-selective effects. Dose–response analysis is recommended to determine functional potency in a given assay context. Comparisons with native NPY and selective Y2 agonists or antagonists can clarify receptor-specific signaling contributions.