Pam2CSK4 Biotin

Product Name: Pam2CSK4 Biotin

Purity: 95%

Molar Mass: 1724.4

Chemical Formula: C87H162N14O16S2

Synonyms: AKOS024458269

Storage: Store at -20 degrees Celsius

Sequence: XSKKKX

Target: Toll-like receptor 2/6

Application:

Pam2CSK4 Biotin is a modified form of the synthetic lipopeptide Pam2CSK4, where biotin is conjugated to facilitate detection and affinity-based assays. This peptide retains the biological activity of Pam2CSK4 as a potent agonist for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Upon binding to TLR2, Pam2CSK4 Biotin activates innate immune responses, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Its biotin tag allows for easy detection and purification using streptavidin-based methods, making it invaluable in immunological research for studying TLR2-mediated signaling pathways, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of immune responses.

Current Research:

Pam2CSK4-Biotin is a biotinylated derivative of Pam2CSK4, a diacylated synthetic lipopeptide that selectively activates the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) heterodimer. The addition of a biotin moiety enhances its applicability in molecular and cellular studies by enabling conjugation with streptavidin-based detection systems.

Mechanism of Action
Pam2CSK4-Biotin functions as a potent agonist of the TLR2/TLR6 complex, mimicking the action of bacterial diacylated lipoproteins. Upon binding to TLR2/TLR6 on immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, it triggers downstream signaling via MyD88, culminating in NF-κB activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The biotin modification allows for easy tracking and immobilization in experimental setups, enabling high-precision studies of receptor-ligand interactions.

Applications in Research
Innate Immunity Studies
Pam2CSK4-Biotin is a valuable tool for dissecting the TLR2/TLR6-mediated pathways involved in innate immune responses, providing insights into host defense mechanisms against bacterial infections.

Detection and Localization
The biotinylated form facilitates the detection of TLR2/TLR6 engagement using streptavidin-linked probes. It is widely used in binding assays, flow cytometry, and imaging techniques to study receptor-ligand interactions in complex biological systems.

Adjuvant Research
Pam2CSK4-Biotin’s ability to stimulate innate immunity makes it an excellent candidate for studying adjuvant mechanisms in vaccine development, particularly in experimental models evaluating immune activation.

Host-Pathogen Interaction Studies
This compound aids in exploring how bacterial lipoproteins modulate immune responses through TLR2/TLR6 signaling. It helps delineate pathogen strategies for evading immune detection.

Advantages of Biotinylation
Versatility in Detection: Enables use with streptavidin-conjugated fluorescent probes, beads, or enzymes for tracking.
Enhanced Utility in Assays: Ideal for ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and surface receptor binding studies.
High Specificity: Retains the selective activation of TLR2/TLR6 while enabling additional functionalities.
Conclusion
Pam2CSK4-Biotin is a powerful tool for immunological research, combining the potent TLR2/TLR6 agonist activity of Pam2CSK4 with the versatility of biotinylation. Its applications range from studying innate immune signaling to developing advanced diagnostic assays, making it a critical asset in the field of immunology and molecular biology.

Reference:

Arai, Y., Inuki, S., & Fujimoto, Y. (2018). Site-specific effect of polar functional group-modification in lipids of TLR2 ligands for modulating the ligand immunostimulatory activity. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 28(9), 1638-1641.