Purotoxin 1

Product Name: Purotoxin 1

CAS No: 1396322-38-5

Purity: 95%

Molar Mass: 3835.5

Chemical Formula: C155H249N51O47S8

Storage: Store at -20 degrees Celsius

Sequence: GYCAEKGIRCDDIHCCTGLKCKCNASGYNCVCRKK-NH2

Target: P2X3 receptor

Application: Purotoxin 1 is a peptide toxin derived from the spider Geolycosa sp. venom, known for its potent blockage of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), specifically the P/Q-type calcium channels. By binding to these channels, Purotoxin 1 inhibits calcium influx into neurons and other excitable cells, thereby disrupting neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability. This peptide is extensively utilized in neurophysiological research to study synaptic transmission, neuronal signaling, and the role of calcium channels in neurological disorders such as epilepsy and chronic pain. Its specificity for P/Q-type VGCCs makes Purotoxin 1 a valuable tool in pharmacological studies and potentially in developing therapeutic agents targeting calcium channelopathies.

Current Research:

Purotoxin-1 is a peptide isolated from the venom of the Central Asian spider Geolycosa species. It functions as a potent and selective inhibitor of P2X₃ receptors, which are ligand-gated ion channels activated by extracellular ATP and play a crucial role in sensory neurotransmission and pain perception.

Mechanism of Action

Purotoxin-1 binds to P2X₃ receptors on sensory neurons, significantly slowing the deactivation kinetics of these receptors. This modulation leads to a prolonged desensitized state, effectively reducing receptor responsiveness to ATP. Importantly, studies have shown that Purotoxin-1 does not affect voltage-gated sodium, potassium, or calcium channels, nor does it influence TRPV1 receptors, indicating its high specificity for P2X₃ receptors.

Antinociceptive Effects

In animal models of inflammatory pain, administration of Purotoxin-1 has demonstrated significant antinociceptive effects. By inhibiting P2X₃ receptor activity, Purotoxin-1 reduces pain signaling, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing pain conditions where P2X₃ receptors are implicated.

Biotechnological Production

Due to the limited availability of natural sources, biotechnological methods have been developed to produce recombinant Purotoxin-1. Expression systems utilizing Escherichia coli have been engineered to produce the peptide, facilitating further research and potential therapeutic development.

Research Applications

Purotoxin-1 serves as a valuable tool in neuropharmacological research, particularly in studying the role of P2X₃ receptors in pain pathways. Its specificity allows for detailed investigation into P2X₃ receptor functions and their involvement in various physiological and pathological processes.

Conclusion

Purotoxin-1 is a highly selective P2X₃ receptor inhibitor with demonstrated antinociceptive properties in preclinical studies. Its specificity and efficacy make it a promising candidate for developing new pain management therapies and a valuable asset in neuropharmacological research.

Reference:

Savchenko, G. A., Volkova, T. M., Vasilevskii, A. A., Korol’kova, Y. V., Grishin, E. V., Boichouk, Y. A., & Krishtal, O. A. (2011). Purinergic membrane receptors as targets for the effect of purotoxin 1, a component of venom of spiders from the Geolycosa genus. Neurophysiology, 42, 387-391.