RFRP 3 (human)

Product Name:RFRP 3 (human)

CAS No:311309-27-0

Purity:95%

Molar Mass:969.15

Chemical Formula:C45H72N14O10

Storage:Store at -20 degrees Celsius

Sequence:VPNLPQRF

Target:NPFF1 and NPFF2

Application:RFRP 3 (human), or RFamide-related peptide 3, is a neuropeptide that plays a key role in regulating reproductive function and energy homeostasis. It acts as an inhibitory regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by binding to the GPR147 receptor (also known as NPFF1 receptor). RFRP 3 suppresses the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), thus influencing the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This peptide is often studied in the context of reproductive endocrinology, fertility, and the modulation of stress-related reproductive suppression. It is valuable in research focusing on reproductive health and energy balance.

Current Research:

RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the human homolog of avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), is a neuropeptide implicated in the regulation of reproductive and metabolic processes. Encoded by the NPVF gene, RFRP-3 exerts its effects primarily through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR147.
Discovery and Structure
RFRP-3 was identified in the human hypothalamus, where it is processed from a larger precursor peptide. The mature peptide sequence is Val-Pro-Asp-Leu-Pro-Glu-Arg-Phe-NH?, featuring a characteristic C-terminal RFamide motif. This motif is crucial for its biological activity, facilitating binding to its cognate receptor.
Physiological Roles
Reproductive Regulation: RFRP-3 plays a significant role in modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins by acting on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and directly on pituitary gonadotropes. This inhibition is mediated through GPR147, leading to decreased intracellular cAMP levels and reduced gonadotropin release.
Energy Homeostasis and Metabolism: Emerging evidence suggests that RFRP-3 influences energy balance and metabolic functions. It has been implicated in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy expenditure, although the precise mechanisms remain under investigation.
Clinical Implications
Dysregulation of the RFRP-3/GPR147 system may contribute to reproductive disorders and metabolic syndromes. Understanding the pathways involving RFRP-3 could lead to novel therapeutic targets for conditions such as infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, and obesity.
Recent Research
Studies have demonstrated that RFRP-3 can modulate the firing activity of GnRH neurons, thereby influencing reproductive hormone secretion. Additionally, RFRP-3 has been shown to inhibit gonadotropin secretion in cultured sheep pituitary cells by reducing calcium mobilization, highlighting its conserved function across species.
Conclusion
RFRP-3 is a pivotal neuropeptide in the regulation of reproductive and metabolic processes. Ongoing research continues to elucidate its multifaceted roles and potential as a therapeutic target in related disorders.

Reference:

Ubuka, T., Morgan, K., Pawson, A. J., Osugi, T., Chowdhury, V. S., Minakata, H., ... & Bentley, G. E. (2009). Identification of human GnIH homologs, RFRP-1 and RFRP-3, and the cognate receptor, GPR147 in the human hypothalamic pituitary axis. PloS one, 4(12), e8400.