ACTH (1-14)

Product Name:ACTH (1-14)

Form:TFA salt

Purity:95%

Storage:2-8 degree Celsius

Cas No:25696-21-3

Molar Mass:1680.9

Chemical Formula:C77H109N21O20S1

IUPAC Name:(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

SMILES:CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CN=CN5)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N

InChIKey:WKVUCFHTERJJRV-MSKBXMOCSA-N

InChI:InChI=1S/C77H109N21O20S/c1-42(2)64(75(117)86-38-63(105)106)97-74(116)60-19-12-29-98(60)76(118)54(17-9-10-27-78)88-61(102)37-85-66(108)57(33-45-35-84-50-16-8-7-15-48(45)50)94-67(109)51(18-11-28-83-77(80)81)89-70(112)56(31-43-13-5-4-6-14-43)93-72(114)58(34-46-36-82-41-87-46)95-68(110)52(24-25-62(103)104)90-69(111)53(26-30-119-3)91-73(115)59(40-100)96-71(113)55(92-65(107)49(79)39-99)32-44-20-22-47(101)23-21-44/h4-8,13-16,20-23,35-36,41-42,49,51-60,64,84,99-101H,9-12,17-19,24-34,37-40,78-79H2,1-3H3,(H,82,87)(H,85,108)(H,86,117)(H,88,102)(H,89,112)(H,90,111)(H,91,115)(H,92,107)(H,93,114)(H,94,109)(H,95,110)(H,96,113)(H,97,116)(H,103,104)(H,105,106)(H4,80,81,83)/t49-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,60-,64-/m0/s1

Sequence:Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-Gly

Application:

ACTH (1-14) is a bioactive N-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), comprising 14 amino acids that retain the core sequence required for melanocortin receptor binding. Although shorter than full-length ACTH (1-39), ACTH (1-14) is studied for its potential adrenal-stimulating, neuromodulatory, and immunoregulatory effects. This peptide is used in endocrinology, neurobiology, and immunology research, particularly in studies on HPA axis regulation, stress response, and immune function. ACTH (1-14) is valuable for investigating receptor-specific interactions, neuropeptide signaling, and inflammation modulation, with potential applications in adrenal disorders, neuroimmune research, and peptide-based therapeutics.

Current Research:

Introduction
ACTH (1-14) is a truncated but bioactive fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) that retains the essential N-terminal region required for melanocortin receptor interaction. While full-length ACTH (1-39) is required for full adrenal steroidogenesis, shorter fragments like ACTH (1-14) allow for targeted studies on receptor activation, neuroendocrine signaling, and immune response modulation.

Endocrine and Adrenal Function Research
ACTH (1-14) contains the necessary amino acid sequence for melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) binding, which is required for glucocorticoid synthesis in the adrenal cortex. Studies on this peptide focus on:

Understanding the minimal sequence required for adrenal activation, contributing to synthetic ACTH analog development.
Investigating partial agonist activity, determining whether ACTH (1-14) can stimulate corticosteroid production at reduced efficacy compared to ACTH (1-39).
Developing peptide-based therapies for adrenal insufficiency, including Addison’s disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Despite being shorter than other ACTH-derived peptides, ACTH (1-14) retains partial activity and is useful for studying melanocortin receptor activation dynamics.

Neuroendocrine and Stress Response Research
ACTH peptides influence brain function and neurotransmitter systems, making ACTH (1-14) relevant for neuroendocrine research. Studies indicate:

Potential effects on stress adaptation, suggesting a role in HPA axis regulation.
Neuromodulatory properties, possibly affecting dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways involved in mood and cognition.
Possible neuroprotective effects, making it relevant for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and neurodegeneration models.
Since melanocortin receptors (MC4R and MC5R) are expressed in the brain, ACTH (1-14) may contribute to neuromodulation and neuropeptide signaling beyond adrenal stimulation.

Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Like other melanocortin peptides, ACTH (1-14) is involved in immune regulation. Research suggests that it:

Reduces inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), contributing to anti-inflammatory effects.
Influences immune cell function, impacting macrophage activation and T-cell responses.
May have therapeutic implications for autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
These melanocortin receptor-mediated immunoregulatory effects position ACTH (1-14) as a potential candidate for inflammation and immune dysfunction research.

Potential Research and Therapeutic Applications
Due to its receptor-binding, neuromodulatory, and immune-modulating properties, ACTH (1-14) is being explored in:

Adrenal dysfunction and corticosteroid regulation studies.
Neuropsychiatric research, focusing on stress disorders, depression, and PTSD.
Anti-inflammatory and immune modulation research, particularly for autoimmune and neuroimmune diseases.
Conclusion
ACTH (1-14) is a functional ACTH fragment that retains melanocortin receptor-binding capacity, neuroendocrine influence, and immune-modulating properties. Its ability to interact with the HPA axis, regulate stress responses, and modulate inflammation makes it a valuable research tool in endocrinology, neurobiology, and immunology. Ongoing studies continue to explore its therapeutic potential in adrenal disorders, neuroimmune conditions, and inflammatory diseases.