Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

Product Name:Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

Form:free base

Purity:95%

Storage:2-8 degree Celsius

Cas No:80943-05-1

Molar Mass:963.1

Chemical Formula:C45H66N14O10

IUPAC Name:(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid

SMILES:C1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O

InChIKey:QFSJEDMTCFOOTJ-POFDKVPJSA-N

InChI:InChI=1S/C45H66N14O10/c46-29(15-7-19-51-44(47)48)41(66)58-21-9-17-34(58)39(64)53-25-36(61)54-31(23-27-11-3-1-4-12-27)37(62)57-33(26-60)42(67)59-22-10-18-35(59)40(65)56-32(24-28-13-5-2-6-14-28)38(63)55-30(43(68)69)16-8-20-52-45(49)50/h1-6,11-14,29-35,60H,7-10,15-26,46H2,(H,53,64)(H,54,61)(H,55,63)(H,56,65)(H,57,62)(H,68,69)(H4,47,48,51)(H4,49,50,52)/t29-,30-,31-,32-,33-,34-,35-/m0/s1

Sequence:Arg-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg

Application:Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor is a compound that blocks the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key regulator of blood pressure and cardiovascular function. By inhibiting ACE, these compounds prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, leading to reduced blood pressure and improved cardiovascular health. ACE inhibitors are widely used in research related to hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic disorders. Additionally, they have been studied for their anti-inflammatory and protective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. These inhibitors are essential tools in drug discovery, cardiovascular studies, and metabolic disease research.

Current Research:

ACE inhibitors have been extensively studied for their role in cardiovascular health, renal protection, and inflammation regulation. They remain one of the most widely researched classes of inhibitors due to their vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and organ-protective properties.

1. Cardiovascular Research and Hypertension Treatment
   ACE inhibitors are primarily used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Research continues to explore their mechanisms beyond blood pressure regulation, including endothelial function improvement, reduced arterial stiffness, and anti-fibrotic effects. Recent studies have focused on novel ACE inhibitors derived from natural peptides, such as bioactive peptides from food proteins, to develop alternative antihypertensive therapies with fewer side effects.

Additionally, research into ACE polymorphisms has revealed genetic variations that influence the efficacy of ACE inhibitors, leading to personalized treatment strategies for patients with resistant hypertension.

2. Role in Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Nephropathy
   ACE inhibitors are widely studied for their nephroprotective effects, particularly in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic nephropathy. By reducing intraglomerular pressure and proteinuria, these inhibitors help slow down kidney disease progression. Ongoing research is investigating the combination of ACE inhibitors with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to enhance kidney protection while minimizing side effects.

New studies are also evaluating their role in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in CKD, as researchers aim to uncover additional mechanisms through which ACE inhibition can protect renal function.

3. Neuroprotective Effects and Alzheimer’s Disease Research
   Recent evidence suggests that ACE inhibitors may play a role in neuroprotection. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). ACE inhibitors have shown potential in reducing β-amyloid accumulation and neuroinflammation, key contributors to AD pathology.

Studies indicate that ACE inhibitors may improve cerebral blood flow and cognitive function, particularly in patients with vascular dementia. The role of brain-penetrant ACE inhibitors is currently under investigation to determine their therapeutic potential in aging and neurodegenerative conditions.

4. Anti-Inflammatory and Metabolic Disease Research
   Beyond cardiovascular and renal applications, ACE inhibitors have been explored for their anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits. Research has suggested that ACE inhibitors can help in reducing systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, making them potential therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome.

Furthermore, ACE inhibition has been linked to reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, which play a role in autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. This has led to investigations into their role in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.

Conclusion
ACE inhibitors remain a crucial focus in cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disease research. Their ability to modulate blood pressure, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function makes them invaluable in therapeutic development. Current studies aim to enhance their efficacy, explore novel derivatives, and assess their potential in neuroprotection and metabolic disorders, ensuring their continued relevance in modern biomedical research.