Angiotensin II, Biotin-LC

Product Name: Angiotensin II, Biotin-LC

Sequence One Letter Code: Biotin-LC-DRVYIHPF

Sequence Three Letter Code: Biotin-LC-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-OH

Chemical Formula:C66H94N16O15S

Molecular Weight: 1385.7

Purity: 95%

Form: Lyophilized

Storage Conditions: - 20 °C

Research Area: Cardiovascular Disease Research

Source / Species: mouse

Conjugation: Conjugated

Conjugation Type: Biotins

Code Nacres: NA.26

Application: Angiotensin II, Biotin-LC, is an N-terminally biotinylated form of the octapeptide hormone angiotensin II incorporating a long-chain spacer to enhance accessibility in affinity assays. As a central effector of the renin–angiotensin system, angiotensin II regulates vasoconstriction, blood pressure, and cardiovascular homeostasis, and influences proliferation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. This biotinylated analog is suited for ELISA, receptor binding, and enzymatic processing studies involving ACE or chymase, supporting research into cardiovascular and fibrotic disease mechanisms.

Current Research: Angiotensin II, Biotin-LC is an N-terminally biotinylated derivative of the endogenous octapeptide hormone angiotensin II (Ang II). The molecule incorporates a long-chain (LC) spacer arm between the peptide and biotin moiety, improving steric accessibility in affinity-based applications while preserving receptor-binding functionality. Angiotensin II is the principal effector peptide of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and plays a central role in cardiovascular regulation and tissue remodeling. Biotin-LC modification enables sensitive detection, immobilization, and quantitative analysis using streptavidin-based platforms. Biological Context Angiotensin II (Asp–Arg–Val–Tyr–Ile–His–Pro–Phe) exerts its physiological effects primarily through two G protein–coupled receptors: AT1 receptor (AT1R) – mediates vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion, inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis AT2 receptor (AT2R) – associated with vasodilation, anti-proliferative signaling, and tissue repair mechanisms AT1R activation triggers: Gq-mediated phospholipase C activation Increased intracellular Ca²⁺ MAPK/ERK pathway activation Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation These signaling cascades regulate blood pressure, vascular tone, sodium balance, and pathological remodeling. Functional Advantages of Biotin-LC Conjugation The long-chain spacer enhances assay performance by: Reducing steric hindrance when immobilized on streptavidin-coated surfaces Preserving receptor accessibility Improving signal sensitivity in ELISA and binding assays Facilitating affinity purification of receptor complexes The high affinity of the biotin–streptavidin interaction (Kd ~10⁻¹⁵ M) enables stable immobilization and reproducible assay formats. Research Applications 1. Receptor Binding Studies Biotin-LC–Ang II is used in competitive binding assays to assess AT1R or AT2R affinity and evaluate receptor antagonists (e.g., ARBs). 2. ELISA and Detection Platforms The peptide supports streptavidin-based detection systems for quantitative measurement in plate-based assays. 3. Enzymatic Processing Studies Angiotensin II processing by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or chymase can be examined using the biotinylated analog in cleavage or degradation assays. 4. Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Disease Research Ang II signaling contributes to hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, vascular remodeling, renal fibrosis, and inflammatory tissue injury. The biotinylated form supports mechanistic studies of ligand–receptor interaction and downstream signaling events. Experimental Considerations Although N-terminal modification is designed to maintain biological activity, receptor activation potency should be validated relative to native angiotensin II in functional assays. Concentration optimization is recommended for binding or enzymatic studies. Proper storage conditions help maintain peptide stability.