TLQP 21

Product Name: TLQP 21

CAS No: 869988-94-3

Purity: 95%

Molar Mass: 2432.8

Chemical Formula: C107H170N40O26

Storage: Store at -20??

Sequence: TLQPPASSRRRHFHHALPPAR

Application: TLQP-21 is a bioactive peptide derived from the larger VGF precursor protein, involved in modulating energy metabolism, stress response, and pain. It exerts its effects through binding to the complement C3a receptor 1 (C3aR1) and possibly other receptors, influencing processes such as lipolysis, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis. TLQP-21 has been shown to enhance fat mobilization, reduce food intake, and improve glucose tolerance, making it a promising candidate for research in obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Its regulatory role in energy balance and inflammation also suggests potential therapeutic applications in treating metabolic syndrome and related conditions.

Current Research:

TLQP-21 is a 21-amino acid peptide derived from the VGF (non-acronymic) precursor protein, implicated in various physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, pain modulation, stress responsiveness, and reproduction. Recent studies have identified the complement 3a receptor 1 (C3aR1) as a putative receptor for TLQP-21, suggesting that many of its actions are mediated through this receptor.
In metabolic research, TLQP-21 has been shown to enhance ??-adrenergic-induced lipolysis in adipocytes, indicating its role in energy expenditure and potential anti-obesity effects. This pro-lipolytic action is mediated through the activation of C3aR1, leading to increased intracellular calcium levels and subsequent metabolic effects.
In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, TLQP-21 modulates microglial function through C3aR1 signaling pathways. Administration of TLQP-21 in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease has resulted in reduced amyloid plaque burden and microgliosis, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in mitigating neuroinflammation and promoting neuroprotection.
However, the activity of TLQP-21 exhibits species-specific differences. Studies have shown that mouse TLQP-21 is more potent than its human counterpart in activating C3aR1, particularly in immune cells such as macrophages. This discrepancy suggests that the physiological relevance of TLQP-21's actions may vary between species, necessitating careful consideration in translational research.
In summary, TLQP-21 is a multifunctional peptide influencing metabolic, immune, and neurological functions, primarily through C3aR1 activation. Its diverse roles present promising therapeutic avenues for conditions like obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, species-specific differences in its activity underscore the importance of context in its application and warrant further investigation to fully elucidate its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Reference: El Gaamouch, F., Audrain, M., Lin, W. J., Beckmann, N., Jiang, C., Hariharan, S., ... & Salton, S. R. (2020). VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21 modulates microglial function through C3aR1 signaling pathways and reduces neuropathology in 5xFAD mice. Molecular neurodegeneration, 15, 1-19.