Tyrosinase (368-376) [Asp370]

Product Name: Tyrosinase (368-376) [Asp370]

Sequence One Letter Code: YMDGTMSQV

Sequence Three Letter Code: H-Tyr-Met-Asp-Gly-Thr-Met-Ser-Gln-Val-OH

Cas No: 168650-46-2

Chemical Formula:C42H66N10O16S2

Molecular Weight: 1031.2

Purity: 95%

Form: Lyophilized

Storage Conditions: - 20 °C

Research Area: Cancer Disease Research

SMILES: CC(C)C(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CCSC)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCSC)NC(=O)C(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N.C(=O)(C(F)(F)F)O

IUPAC: 2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoic acid;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid

INCHIKEY: TWALUFAMCVRLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

INCHI:

InChI=1S/C42H66N10O16S2.C2HF3O2/c1-20(2)33(42(67)68)52-39(64)25(10-11-30(44)56)47-40(65)29(19-53)50-38(63)27(13-15-70-5)48-41(66)34(21(3)54)51-31(57)18-45-36(61)28(17-32(58)59)49-37(62)26(12-14-69-4)46-35(60)24(43)16-22-6-8-23(55)9-7-22;3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h6-9,20-21,24-29,33-34,53-55H,10-19,43H2,1-5H3,(H2,44,56)(H,45,61)(H,46,60)(H,47,65)(H,48,66)(H,49,62)(H,50,63)(H,51,57)(H,52,64)(H,58,59)(H,67,68);(H,6,7)

Source / Species: virus

Conjugation: Unconjugated

Code Nacres: NA.26

Application: Tyrosinase (368–376) [Asp370] is a synthetic tumor-associated antigen derived from human tyrosinase, a membrane-bound enzyme central to melanin biosynthesis and commonly expressed in primary and metastatic melanoma. This peptide is presented by HLA-A2 molecules and recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, making it an important epitope in melanoma immunology. It is widely used to study tumor antigen presentation, peptide–MHC interactions, and T cell–mediated immune recognition. The sequence supports research in cancer vaccine development, adoptive T cell therapy, and immune monitoring assays. This antigenic peptide provides a well-characterized model for dissecting mechanisms of immune targeting in melanoma and pigment cell–derived malignancies.

Current Research: Tyrosinase (368–376) [Asp370] is a synthetic tumor-associated peptide derived from human tyrosinase, a type I transmembrane glycoenzyme localized to melanosomes and essential for melanin biosynthesis. Tyrosinase catalyzes key steps in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin pigments and is highly expressed in melanocytes as well as in primary and metastatic melanoma cells. Because of its lineage-restricted expression pattern, tyrosinase has long been recognized as a differentiation antigen and immunotherapeutic target in melanoma. The 368–376 epitope, containing an aspartic acid substitution at position 370, is presented by HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2) class I molecules and is recognized by antigen-specific CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The Asp370 modification enhances peptide binding affinity to HLA-A2 compared to the native sequence, increasing stability of the peptide–MHC complex and improving immunogenicity. This altered peptide ligand strategy has been widely used in cancer immunology to optimize T cell responses against tumor-associated self-antigens. In antigen processing and presentation, tyrosinase-derived peptides are generated through proteasomal degradation, transported into the endoplasmic reticulum via TAP, and loaded onto HLA-A2 molecules before surface presentation. The Tyrosinase (368–376) [Asp370] peptide serves as a defined ligand for studying peptide–MHC binding kinetics, anchor residue contributions, and T cell receptor (TCR) specificity. Structural analyses of HLA-A2 complexes with tyrosinase peptides have provided insight into how subtle amino acid substitutions influence MHC stability and TCR engagement. This epitope is extensively used in melanoma immunology research. CTLs specific for Tyrosinase (368–376) can recognize and lyse HLA-A2⁺ melanoma cells, making it a functional model for tumor-specific immune targeting. In vitro assays commonly include peptide-pulsed target cell killing assays, IFN-γ ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining, tetramer staining with HLA-A2/tyrosinase complexes, and cytotoxicity measurements. These systems allow precise quantification of antigen-specific T cell activation and effector function. In translational research, Tyrosinase (368–376) [Asp370] has been incorporated into peptide-based cancer vaccine platforms aimed at eliciting robust CD8⁺ T cell responses in melanoma patients. Modified peptides with enhanced HLA binding, such as the Asp370 variant, are frequently used to overcome central tolerance and improve immunogenicity while maintaining cross-reactivity with tumor-expressed native antigen. Clinical and preclinical studies evaluate immune responses by monitoring expansion of tyrosinase-specific T cells in peripheral blood using MHC tetramers and functional assays. The peptide is also relevant to adoptive T cell therapy research. T cells engineered with TCRs specific for HLA-A2–restricted tyrosinase epitopes are studied for their capacity to recognize and eliminate melanoma cells. Such approaches require rigorous characterization of TCR affinity, specificity, and potential cross-reactivity. The defined Tyrosinase (368–376) [Asp370] sequence provides a standardized antigen for evaluating TCR-engineered cell functionality and safety. Beyond melanoma, this epitope contributes to broader understanding of immune tolerance and autoimmunity in pigment cell–derived tissues. Because tyrosinase is a self-protein expressed in normal melanocytes, immune targeting may also affect healthy pigment cells, offering insight into mechanisms underlying vitiligo and immune-related adverse events observed during immunotherapy. Overall, Tyrosinase (368–376) [Asp370] is a well-characterized HLA-A2–restricted tumor-associated antigen that serves as a model epitope for studying peptide–MHC interactions, CD8⁺ T cell recognition, and immune targeting of melanoma. Its enhanced MHC-binding properties and established immunogenicity make it a valuable tool in cancer vaccine development, adoptive T cell therapy research, and immune monitoring strategies focused on melanoma and related pigment cell malignancies.